Which law provides for a civil monetary penalty (up to $15,000 per service) for improper claims related to prohibited referrals?

The law that provides for a civil monetary penalty of up to $15,000 per service for improper claims related to prohibited referrals is indeed both the Anti-kickback law and the Stark law.

The Anti-kickback law is designed to prevent healthcare providers from receiving remuneration for referrals of patients for services covered by federal healthcare programs. Violations can result in significant penalties, including civil monetary penalties for each service improperly billed as a result of such prohibited referrals.

Similarly, the Stark law prohibits physician self-referrals, specifically when a physician refers a patient for certain designated health services payable by Medicare to an entity with which the physician or an immediate family member has a financial relationship. This law also carries penalties for improper claims resulting from these prohibited referrals, including the potential for civil monetary penalties.

Thus, both laws address improper claims related to prohibited referrals, and they impose significant penalties to discourage such practices, making the answer encompassing both statutes correct.